Only ~20% of passenger trips originated/terminated at Taipei Main Station Almost all stations are divided into paid (platform) and unpaid (waiting room) areas. Taiwan Railway Administration High-Speed Network. TRA's stationmasters and conductors jointly manage dwell time, like their counterparts at LIRR's Jamaica. Taiwan Railways Administration (TRA)[II], is a railway operator in Taiwan. Tourists who visit Taiwan for the first time, by taking these routes, are expected to enjoy a very interesting and impressive experience, since they have the chance to see all the beautiful sceneries during the whole journey. Banqiao, Taiwan, 2008. ©Taiwan Railways Administration ,MOTC. Completed in 1989 and costing US$600 million,[35] it replaced the historic Japanese-era Taihoku-eki (臺北駅) and Hwashan yard, eliminated grade crossings in Taipei's congested Wanhua District, providing operating efficiencies. Media in category "Network maps of the Taiwan Railways Administration" The following 16 files are in this category, out of 16 total. During typhoon season, small trucks are carried on flatcars when highways are closed by flooding or mudslides.[13]. Validations are fast and can be "pipelined" or "stacked" (i.e. Some stations in single-track territory feature three passing tracks, allowing freight or other equipment to be stowed while opposing passenger trains pass one another. Three major competitors hold regional subway/bus fare collection franchises (Taipei's "Youyoka" EasyCard, Mid-Island's Taiwan Easy Go "TaiwanTong", and Kaohsiung's "I Pass"), and TRA has active pilots with both EasyCard and TaiwanTong. No permission needed. New developers take over NorthPoint", Ministry of Justice of the Republic of China, "Continued Improvements of Eastern Railways", "Taipei-Taitung rail journey to be cut by over an hour by 2013", "Shanli Tunnel will alter rail travel time", Taiwan Railways Administration (English website), Taiwan Railways Administration locomotives and rolling stock, Ministry of Transportation and Communications (Taiwan), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taiwan_Railways_Administration&oldid=990894016, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles containing Mandarin Chinese-language text, Articles containing Min Nan Chinese-language text, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with deprecated sources from June 2020, Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text, Pages incorrectly using the quote template, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Short to medium distance services which stop at all stations, Short to medium services which skip some stops, Long distance services which stop at major stations, Long haul services with few stops and use tilting trains to minimise travel times, 1887: Construction begins on first railway in Taiwan between, 1891: First rail line completed; 20 miles (32 km) branch from. This has led to several special tourist trains running to scenic areas and hot springs, the addition of dining cars (originally deemed unnecessary due to Taiwan's relatively small size), and converting several smaller branch lines to attract tourists. Fare differentials between expresses and locals provide market differentiation. Taiwan National Chiao-Tung University Railway Research Association (, CREATE Program Final Feasibility Plan, August 2005. 1908: Mainline from Taihoku to Takao is completed. TRA's mixed fleet ranges from 1960s hauled stock to new Tarokos and commuter trains. Platform LED displays provide next train identity, departure time, delay information, and context-sensitive In Railway Age, April 2010. Recent growth in the highway system and increased competition from bus companies and airlines has led to a decline in long-distance rail travel (except during major holidays such as Chinese New Year), though short and intermediate distance travel is still heavily utilized by commuters and students. Subway Productivity, Profitability, and Performance: A Tale of Five Cities. Taiwan Railway Company LTD. “How One” Taiwan Travel Passport (Taiwan Railways Administration Passenger Schedule), Version 9. Like the CREATE (Chicago Region Environmental and Transportation Efficiency) plan,[44] through-running allows yards and freight facilities to move from center city (Hwashan, Songshan) to suburbs (Shulin, Qidu), with cheaper land and better highway access. Taiwan North-South High Speed Railway Plan (Unpublished Presentation). Tickets can be inserted in any orientation. [16] Locally considered large and 10-0487. Ministry of Transportation and Communications, Ministry of Transportation and Communication, computerized ticketing and reservation system, "Creative marketing gives Taiwan railway new life: official", "Sumitomo and Nippon Sharyo wins train sets supply deal in Taiwan", "New train inaugurated for southern Taiwan", "Steam railway makes nostalgic return on mountain line", "Hsinchu's Neiwan line steams back to life", "Puyuma train launch carries hopes of East Coast travelers", "Taitung to be destination for Puyuma by year-end", "High-speed commuter train begins, travels 130kph", "Center City Commuter Connection (Commuter Tunnel)", "Magic touch? The trunk line connecting the north and south is now in course of construction. Once conductors close train doors, stationmasters give the "right away" using platform-mounted equipment. Taiwan Railway Administration (TRA; www.railway.gov.tw) has an extensive system running along both the east and west coasts. One thing you need to know before booking train ticket on the internet is there are two systems operating in Taiwan respectively. It is an agency of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, responsible for managing, maintaining, and running conventional passenger and freight railway services on 1097 km of track in Taiwan. In Nameless Station (Blog), December 17, 2008. [42] Observation at Banqiao revealed substantial transfer activity between TRA and metro. As Japan's southern base during WWII, Taiwan's railways suffered significant damage by Allied air raids. Largely abandoned today, it served important industries including sugar, logging, coal, salt, and minerals. The Kīrun-Taihoku branch was completely reconstructed as so to avoid the numerous short curves and the steep grades. Ubiquitous clocks throughout stations and facilities make it difficult to find spots where fewer than two clocks are immediately visible. Parts of TRA's Neiwan line were electrified and rebuilt as a modern commuter railroad, costing US$280 million to connect Hsinchu's historic downtown with the HSR. The last mentioned is for East Coast line rolling stock. Take a look at our detailed itineraries, guides and maps … [14] When trains are late, bell is given sooner, shortening dwell times. The train is one of the most convenient ways to travel around Taiwan. WCML carries >90% of ridership. The line leading from Taihoku to the south received also some attention, the total cost of these improvements reaching nearly two million yen. Double-tracking frequently requires construction of parallel single-track railroads or bypass tunnels on new alignments. About ½-minute prior to departure, stationmasters sound platform bells to signal impending departure. Operations on different railroads are variations of same general principles. Retrieved from. To support metropolitan growth, Banqiao yard moved west to Shulin, and Nankang yard east to Qidu during the mid-2000s, extending through operations to approximately 10 miles either side. Fare evasion rates are thought to be low. Some daily ticket windows only accept cash, further decreasing transaction times. From late 2007 new 'Taroko express' high-speed (130km/h) electric tilting trains were introduced, providing an hourly service between Taipei and Hualien, with several services continuing along the scenic valley to … [3], Railway services between Keelung and Hsinchu began in 1891 under China's Qing Dynasty. signalling, overrun protection, and centralized traffic control (CTC). Schedules provide extra dwell time for trains to hold until an express passes, also serving as en route recovery time, improving reliability. TRA’s maximum commercial speed is 130 km/h (81 mph) whereas HSR operates up to 300 km/h (187 mph). In Hsinchu, HSR and TRA stations are three miles apart. Change the width and height (in pixels) of the html code below to fit your layout. 1898: Local island government announces its intention of carrying on the work itself. Uncategorized December 2, 2020 Leave a comment December 2, 2020 Leave a comment Buttons light up only when adequate coins are inserted. We do that for you, just think about you will do during the train ride. Bureau of Taiwan High Speed Rail, Ministry of Transportation and Communication. [60] As part of the project, the New Guanyin Tunnel (at 10,307 m (33,816 ft), the longest double track railway tunnel in Taiwan) and the New Yongchun Tunnel were constructed. There are mainly two kinds: one is the high speed trains as fast as 186 mph (300 km/h) running along the western coast of the island; the other is the round island trains with the highest speed of about 95 mph (152 km/h). 1948: Taiwan Railways Administration established. 2008 annual passenger ridership was 179 million (incurring 5.45 billion passenger-miles), generating US$434 million in revenue. [61], Railway lines in eastern Taiwan are undergoing electrification and double-tracking improvements to increase train speeds from 110 km/h (68 mph) to 130 km/h (81 mph). You'll get 5 days of unlimited travel on Taiwan Rail services with 2 days designated for Taiwan High Speed Rail travel. [19] These eight-car electric multiple units (EMUs) were delivered from 2012 to 2014 for Taroko Express services running between Taipei and Hualien on the east coast lines. When travelling on expresses, smartcard seats are unreserved. [60] The section between Badu (in Keelung) and Taitung was improved by changing to 50 kg rail, automating traffic signals, and including portions of double tracks. Airlines Hit as Taiwan Bullet Train Takes Off. Get the best value Taiwan train tickets by purchasing a 5 Day Joint Train Pass. In the interim, ticket collectors visually verify each transaction on low-cost stand-alone terminals, allowing rapid deployment. The first Chu-kuang Expresses in the 1970s used a variety of different vehicles; although the models vary, but the body are universally white with blue line, with one door per side, and in the interior there are carpets and velvet sofa seats. Classic-based EasyCard are already installed at convenience stores like Family Mart. Local and intercity passenger services (5am – 1am, very few overnight trains) operate at 95.3% on-time performance. Overview The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) is the authoritative source of information on passenger and freight rail networks for the U.S. federal government. Rolling stock was added. The system achieved a single day record on February 5, 2011 during Chinese New Year celebrations, transporting 724,000 passengers a day.[20]. Platforms between siding and mainline mutilated tickets), and return cancelled (stamped) tickets to passengers requiring proof-of-travel for expense claims. Retrieved from, User e88111 from Kaohsiung. Like classic American railroads, TRA's published timetable specifies train class (thus dispatching priority). Reserved seating is available, and food and snacks are served. MIT Thesis, Cambridge, Mass., 2003. )(Zip Code100230), The optimal resolution 1280 x 1024, suggest to use Chrome, FireFox, Edge, Safari. i am totally lost n confused on their train networks.. is there a map that shows the railway routes? Tickets are validated at origin, destination, and sometimes en route; evasion thus would require elaborate two-ticket schemes or exiting from paid area without going through fare control. [5] Similarities between the TRA and the Japan Railways (JR) companies can be noted in signal aspects, signage, track layout, fare controls, station architecture, and operating procedures. Trains are comfortable, clean, safe and reliable, with few delays. TEL：886-2-2381-5226; Customer Service : 0800-765-888 ; Local service line：886-2-21910096 ; Address : No.3, Beiping W. English: Route map of railway network in Taiwan. Taipei has dozens of world-class restaurants where gourmets can sample the most authentic Chinese cuisines. They sound a whistle to warn waiting passengers of imminent arrivals. Train numbers are especially important on expresses, helping customers identify seat reservations. Train attendants offer bento boxes, drinks, souvenirs, and Sun Cakes (traditional gifts for visiting friends) from small carts. We thus have practically a new line to Kīrun and another to Shinchiku (formerly Teckcham). In The Vital Role of Metropolitan Access in Commuter, Regional, Intercity and Overnight Rail Passenger Transportation – and Its Relationship to Technology. Many TRA stations have "stationmaster duty offices." Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions in Google Maps. Although TRA’s long-distance services potentially competes with HSR, Taiwan’s HSR is focused on origin-destination markets over 100 miles[47] like Taipei-Taichung (HSR – 50 minutes; TRA – 110 minutes), whereas TRA serves shorter-haul trips like Taipei-Hsinchu (35 versus 60 minutes). Lu, Lexcie. Close proximity of sidings mean unscheduled holds are likely short, usually less than 5 minutes. [46] Like NJ Transit’s Newark and LIRR’s Jamaica stations, Banqiao and Nankang interchanges afford TRA penetration into western and eastern Scheduling practices assume staff can respond to stationmasters remain on platforms, visually inspecting departing trains. Rd., Jhongjheng District, Taipei City 100, Taiwan (R.O.C. In the big cities such as Taipei, Kaohsiung, and Taichung, you have an extensive and efficient subway network which is … With around 13,500 employees (4,700 in transportation and 7,700 in maintenance titles), TRA is a government organisation under Taiwan's Ministry of Transportation and Communication (MOTC) that directly operates 682 route miles of 3’6” (1,067 mm) gauge railways. Tickets can also be bought at convenience stores (at 7-Elevens) or online. 客服電話（一般服務諮詢及旅客申訴）：0800-765-888（限市話）02-2191-0096（市話、手機） 24小時緊急通報電話：0800-800-333（僅限發現軌道、平交道、橋樑及隧道等有障礙物之通報專用） Delays as short as one minute are posted. TRA uses a variety of railway vehicles to provide both freight and passenger service. Stationmasters may indirectly reduce overruns by providing immediate accountability. Four metro lines converge at Taipei Main Station, making subways the local distribution system of TRA. As the largest metro subway system in Taiwan, the Taipei MRT serves about 2 million riders daily. neighbourhoods without long hackney rides or backtracking. Devices used (in both English and Chinese) range from schedule posters, fixed signage to departure monitors and next-train displays. On board, conductors' primary responsibilities are not ticket examinations – station fare controls provide coverage. Additionally, several new stations have been added in major metropolitan areas, and local commuter service increased. Soon after the cession the Governor-General of Taiwan established a plan, with approbation of the Diet, to build a standard Japanese gauge railway connecting Takao with Kīrun at the expense of 28.800.000 yen. The Taiwan Railways Administration was established on 5 March 1948 to reconstruct and operate railway infrastructure, with Lang Chung-hsiung (zh) as its first Director-General.[6]. Stationmasters regulate trains by enforcing correct train sequences and departure times; holding to time is actually a legal requirement. Stationmasters (their deputies, or platform staff) perform train regulation and signalling functions right from the platform, and provide train crew oversight. Retrieved from, Kirby, Matthew and P. Holmes. Connections generate benefits for both modes and catalyze development near HSR stations, much as Interstate interchanges attracted economic activity. Earlier button presses constrain subsequent choices: destinations for which insufficient fares were paid (in selected train class) do not activate and have no effect. Park, Exhibition Centre, and Xike's Science Park were developed around this time. 1897: The railway comes under control of Civil Department. [7] Three mainlines form a complete circle around the island. After departure, Taiwan Ministry of Transportation and Communication, TRA Tourism Express Travel Guide (Map), Taipei, 2009. Crossovers allow convenient Machines need only electricity (not network connections) and staff to replace ticket stock, remove coins, and clear jams. To offset this TRA has begun placing an emphasis on tourism and short-distance commuter service. Passenger experiences for first-time customers can be confusing, but once customers learn this TVM, unreserved day ticket transactions are processed much faster than on typical full-feature machines. Island platforms are not ideal for vertical passenger flow. Stationhouses are usually on the northbound side (up direction, to Taipei), where originating passengers are voluminous. Completion of drilling for the Shanli Tunnel, the longest on the modified route, took place in March 2012.[63]. Passengers standing in yellow danger zones are asked to step back. In unusual situations, conductors can usually make announcements in at least two languages. For more information, check this link: …taiwan.net.tw/lan/… Boxes display schedules, tourist information, and service change notices. (November 2011 data) These days, most East Coast services terminate at Shulin Station, which is the location of a major TRA yard. As expresses are often sold out, EasyCard offers de facto standee discounts. Recent modernization efforts provided exterior LED displays showing destination, route, train number, and class. Passenger counting sensors quickly close gates when as many passengers entered as valid tickets processed. Vantuono, William C. Reconquering Gotham. Examiners punch and collect non-magnetic tickets, provide customer information and assistance, troubleshoot AFC malfunctions (e.g. Rail News Speed Report. All trains thus operate over the busy Banqiao-Nankang (Bannan) section, effectively providing urban Taipei Bus Station Opens Amid Fears of Heavy Traffic. Retrieved from, Mo, Yan-Chih. In the 1990s, east coast trains terminated at Banqiao; WCML trains terminated at Nankang/Keelung. following passenger can insert ticket while previous passenger is proceeding through the gate). The position's multidisciplinary nature is reflected in Asian terms for "conductor" – Chinese: 列車長 (Mandarin lieh che jhang), 車長 (Cantonese ce1zoeng2), or Japanese: 車掌; shashō, still informally used on TRA) – which translates to "consist manager" or "train handler." 2001: Various special trains targeting tourists are offered. TVMs sell only unreserved single/round-trips to local destinations (<50 miles) from the current station. Like JNR and U.S. transit authorities,[17] interest payments on long-term debt represents a significant burden for TRA. Planning for TRA's restructuring had been underway since 2000. The line was about 100 kilometres (62 mi) in length but in a poor condition when the Japanese arrived: Accordingly work was commenced on the line at once. Like soda machines, they are robust, self-contained, and have been deployed to remote locations. Identifying arriving trains quickly and accurately is equally important to employees and passengers. [60] The "Continued Improvement of Eastern Railways Project" was approved by the Executive Yuan on June 30, 2003, and involved a 5.7 km (3.5 mi) stretch between Dongshan and the Wulaokeng River. Large acrylic signboards show departure times and fares at smaller stations. This 429.3 mile (690.7 km) line now forms the trunk line in the island communication system. transportation by utilizing surplus capacity on longer-distance through trains. Banqiao, Taiwan, January 15, 2010. provide cross-platform transfers, and allow staff to clear terminating trains without obstructing mainline. Volunteers, like America's auxiliary police and volunteer firefighters, include carefully selected and specifically trained members of the public, and retired industry personnel. Passenger traffic in 2018 was 231,267,955. Currently, TRA offers TR Pass to travelers such that they have unlimited ride on trains within the set period. Reddy, Alla, A. Lu, and T. Wang. [10] Taiwan's challenging terrain meant all lines feature extensive tunneling and long bridges. [2], The agency's headquarters are in Zhongzheng District, Taipei. The Japanese soon discovered the rich forests of precious trees in Alishan. Middle bypass tracks are available for switching, temporary equipment storage, train preparation, and allows passenger trains to pass freights. Double-track sections can accommodate trains at different speeds; passing movements don't interference with opposing traffic, allowing scheduled throughputs of ~15 trains per hour per direction. 2010: The Former Mountain line is reopened to steam trains on special occasions. West Coast services mainly terminate at Qidu Station, which is the location of another large rail yard. Once a traveler has got off in seven stations, the pass became invalid. Dispatching decisions are fairly straightforward; even when trains are out of sequence, stationmasters wouldn't hesitate to hold trains if releasing them could delay a subsequent Tze-Chiang. Supports the following languages: - Traditional Mandarin - English - Korean - Dutch - Spanish - German - French - Armenian - Russian More languages coming soon! unforeseen delays and out-of-sequence trains by dynamically utilizing available infrastructure. Premium-fare expresses, like Tze-Chiang, have highest priority and almost never take sidings. By 2008, US$5.8 billion were invested: Banqiao-Xike (16.0 miles) was tunneled, including There are no services into the Central Mountains, except tourism branch lines. TRA operated single-track sections on busy mainlines until 1998. intercity buses. Through track serves the stationhouse at major stations, where most expresses stop. accepting only coins (no bills) and prepaid magnetic TransitChek-like cards – not credit cards. On long-distance coaches with longer time between station stops, scrolling displays are used. Taipei's Railway “Undergroundization” Project (Phase I) was approved in 1979, including Taipei Main Station (TMS), 2.8-miles of two-track underground railway, and Banqiao and Nankang yards. messages, including public service announcements. Used tickets are collected and not returned to passengers unless cancelled by stamps (similar to postmarks). Gates align, check, and mechanically punch tickets prior to opening. However some routes operated by Taiwan Railways can be pretty crowded. In 1970, the Taiwan Railways Administration solicited equipment loans from the World Bank to increase transport capacity, the most important passenger vehicle is the 35SP32850 class, purchased from a consortium led by Japan's Hitachi, for a total of 27 vehicles. Incense-veiled temples with exquisite carvings and paintings dating back to dynastic times blend seamlessly in streets of the modern city. Transportation Research Board 2011 Annual Meeting. TRTC pioneered transitcards in 2000 via affiliate Taipei Smart Card Corporation, which performs backoffice functions for TRTC, Taipei's Taipei Joint Bus System (market-sharing conference) group of bus companies, and other EasyCard merchants. TRA riders span the full gamut including lower-income (students, young adults) and minorities (Hakka, Taiwanese aborigines) but also choice riders (vacationing families, foreign tourists, monthly commuters). [37] Modern office towers and underground malls replaced Japanese-era wooden shanties and wholesale outlets,[38] but historic temples were preserved. [52] At transfer locations, they manage connections. However, many locations still use heat-sensitive tickets without ATC, requiring one ticket examiner per fare control. First, holders of the pass must either travel in the clockwise or anti-clockwise direction without traveling backwards. After months of delays and false starts, Taiwan’s 345km (220 miles) high-speed line between Taipei and Kaohsiung finally opened for service on 5 January 2007, when the first fare-paying passengers boarded … Field format error. 1997: Online reservations become available. On TRA expresses, cleaners periodically move through the train to remove trash, even proactively asking passengers if visible food items are finished. Retrieved from. Taipei Rapid Transit Corporation's (TRTC) Tamsui–Xinyi line was converted from Tamsui railway line, while Bannan line and Songshan–Xindian line roughly follow the TRA mainline[45] and the former Xindian railway line. Development of Analytical Capacity Models for Commuter Rail Operations with Advanced Signaling Systems. Express trains operate with higher load factors and are more profitable. It is an agency of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, responsible for managing, maintaining, and running conventional passenger and freight railway services on 1097 km of track in Taiwan. In Transportation Research Record 2143, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C, 2010. Joint transportation and land-use planning make railway projects effective land-development tools. Passenger service discontinued in 1991, completely closed in 2002. Secondly, travelers could only pick seven stops to get off and visit. Smartcard development in Taiwan is currently fluid. [39] Nankang's Software Examiners also control access to unpaid areas at destinations, ensuring all passengers paid full distance-based fares. It is fast, convenient, and, most importantly, CLEAN! Although TRA is one of many passenger transport operators, its infrastructure allows multiple and convenient connections between modes. Unreserved single or day-return tickets must be purchased on the day of travel (to prevent ticket reuse), leading to ticket queues at peak commuter periods. Long distance TVMs selling advance-purchase, reserved-seating, and prepaid internet/phone tickets were developed later. The Taiwan Railway Train Administration (depicted by the acronym “TRA”) has played a heavy role in domestic transportation since the late 19th century.. The railway climbs from 30 meters above sea level to 2,216 meters, has 47 tunnels and 72 bridges, and passes through a cross-section of climates and terrain types. With 13 million cards issued, readers for Mifare TRA first offered the Student Pass to foreign students in December 2006 in order to attract more foreign visitors. Many of the Ordinary train carriages, on the other hand, are almost 40 to 50 years old. Newer trains feature automated display/announcement systems with high-density dot-matrix LEDs like Taipei's metro. Where many trains originate/terminate, additional platforms are provided. Agence France-Presse. Announcements are in four major languages (Mandarin, Taiwanese, Hakka, and English). After the completion of the West Coast line electrification project in 1978, all coach bodies were fully painted into orange livery, and service continued to grow. Map of train routes in Southeast Asia with connecting bus & ferry routes, for Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam & Burma (Myanmar) Trains lacking automatic train location features are not simple to retrofit. Cycling Route No.1 map, TRA Songshan Station 20201031.jpg 1,536 × … all trackage within Taipei City, and Xike-Wudu (3.1 miles) was elevated under the TRA elevatization program. [8] TRA's West Coast line and Badu-Hualien section feature mostly double-track, electrification, modern colour light and cab During the 2000s, TRA incrementally replaced older thermal ticket printers with automated fare collection (AFC) devices using magnetic-backed stock. In most routes traveling by train in Taiwan is a relatively smooth experience. As trains approach, they hand-signal drivers. Ticket windows at busy stations can be dynamically switched between different functions, minimizing daily ticket queues. Conductors perform onboard ticket checks near peak load points or every ~100 miles, verifying that passengers hold train-class appropriate tickets, and dispense step-up and zone extension fares from portable ticket printers. Their main impetus was the major Chung-Hwa Road (Route 1) trunk highway crossing. 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Extra trains and cars are added on peak travel days to accommodate holiday traffic vending machines ( )... Display/Announcement systems with high-density dot-matrix LEDs like Taipei 's metro 's schedules not. Taiwan North-South High Speed Rail, Ministry of Transportation and Communication systems Engineering and strictly distance/train-class based short... Allows passenger trains to pass where most expresses stop lines were repaired, Safari Unpublished ). Standing in yellow danger zones are asked to step back ( incurring 5.45 billion passenger-miles ), a... By Allied air raids patterns or policy headways Coast services mainly terminate at Shulin station, which operates almost part!, Chiang Kai-shek Memorial, Maokong Gondola and more show departure times and fares at smaller stations track the! Requiring `` fare adjustments '' ) are assessed 50 % penalties, giving passengers incentives to conductors... 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